网上广泛流传的所谓美国国际搜救队长道格卡普的“正确的地震保命法”的真相
19 05 2008年【方舟子按：这个骗局新语丝网站早在2005年1月19日登过两篇揭露文章，现在它又开始流传了，好几个人都给我寄过】
骗局揭露——网上广泛流传的所谓美国国际搜救队长道格卡普的“正确的地震保命法”的真相
作者：张成
今天在扫地老僧的Blog上看到一篇《地震时应该躲在哪里》，乍读下来好像有些道理，还和同事们交流了下。
后来想找英文的原文来确认下，搜来搜去居然搜不到这个“美国国际搜救队”的英文名字和官方主页，倒是找到 FEMA（美国联邦紧急措施署）上的官方宣传材料：《Drop, Cover, and Hold Poster》，于 2005 年 9 月出版。这么重要的美国联邦的官方材料，内容和这位看似搜救经验非常丰富的美国国际搜救队长道格卡普所说相左，让我开始怀疑道格卡普说法的可信度。
继续开始搜索，找到 FEMA 关于城市搜救 (US&R) 的主页，没能看到这个“美国国际搜救队”的任何踪迹，倒是留意到一个城市搜救现场操作指导手册 (Urban Search & Rescue Field Operations Guide)是相当的专业。
几经周折，总算定位到这个道格卡普的英文名是 Doug Copp 或者 Douglas Copp，这个美国国际搜救队的英文名是 American Rescue Team International (ARTI)。不说别的，单看其主页的第一印象就显得不专业。
更深入的调查，发现这篇文章很科学的揭穿和批驳了道格卡普的骗局，其中援引了许多很有说服力的参考材料，包括美国红十字会的批驳是非常的科学和专业。其中的要点简要翻译出来就是：在地震发生时采取趴下、钻桌子（或者椅子、床等）然后原地等待 (”Drop, Cover, and Hold”) 的原则，至少在美国是非常实用和有效的（由于美国有严格监管的建筑规定）。
相关的资料文章清楚地说明了许多这个道格卡普所吹嘘的搜救经验实际上是他的吹牛和撒谎：他倒是很多次出现在现场，只不过他并不是去搜救的，而是去现场拍录像试图卖个好价钱。感兴趣的读者请自行阅读开去。
参考资料：
- Doug Copp: Disaster Expert or Massive Fraud? @ Wednesday, September 15, 2004
- ‘Knucklehead’ or Hero? @ Wednesday, July 14, 2004
(XYS20080518)
美国国际搜救队?听这名字就知道，这充其量是个临时机构，而且很可能是民间组织。
我记得好象在“discovery”的节目中看过有效避震的方法，它对于钻桌子（或者椅子、床等）的做法并不赞成，而是建议蹲在桌椅的旁边，因为这些地方可以尽可能多地提供“铁三角”生存空间，这个结论是有现场模拟数据的。——实际上，四川一些开始复课的学校在给学生传授避震的方法时，也是这么做的，有电视视频为据。
方先生不妨参考参考。
参考资料怎么不给出链接？
新语丝网站2005年1月19日登过的两篇文章在哪里？
如果真按照这个所谓救援队长的方法去躲，几乎是必死无疑！！
正确的躲藏方法，是躲藏到家里面积最小的房间（比如卫生间、储藏室）的墙角或者墙根。如果是墙角，最好采用蹲坐姿势，如果是墙根，则采用顺着墙壁方向贴着墙壁卧倒的姿势。
大家自己动脑子想想看，桌子和床，基本上都是木制，设计承重能力都很有限，地震起来水泥预制板的天花板砸下来，木制的桌、床怎么可能顶的住？？除非你家用的是铁桌子铁床！
最关键的，有桌子有床的房间，不是厅就是卧室，面积都不会太小，而按照多数人家的房间布局，贴着桌子贴着床，基本上也就意味着是躲在房间的中间。而一旦地震，首先塌下来的就是房屋中间部位的天花板！因为那里没有支撑，强度最低。大家可以去找找网上的各种灾难现场照片，你会发现，不管是建筑挎塌还是地震或者爆炸，无论房子怎么倒塌，墙根、墙角位置几乎是一定会有空隙留下来——除非你实在太背，整个楼层全部塌下去了。你还可以自己做试验验证。找些麻将牌，先用双面胶把一些牌贴在桌面上，组成一个口字型，然后在上面用麻将砌成4面墙。桌面相当于地面，最下面一层牌相当于墙基，因为地震的时候墙基是不会在地面上滑动的，所以用双面胶固定一下。4面墙组成的结构相当于房间。然后你用劲敲桌子、摇桌子制造地震，敲桌子相当于地震波中的纵波，摇桌子相当于横波。你会发现，虽然这个麻将组成的房间倒了，但是内墙角和墙根部位落下的麻将牌是最少的，而中间的麻将牌最多！而且，搭的时候，口字形越小，口字中间落下的牌就越少，基本上全是落在外面。这就是为什么要找面积最小的房间躲藏。
http://9npc.com/2008/05/duo-zai-na-li.html
我前幾天也是在網絡上收集了一些資料，供參考。
国内的建筑结构和美国的怕是有很大差别吧,国内的还有不少是砖房,像乡下的建筑有不少怕是根本没有按国家的抗震标准建造吧．如果是砖房，躲在床下可能有用点．
那到底要怎么躲诶
我曾与一位中国的民间科学“巨人”进行过一次如下的暂短“交锋”。
我问：你能说一下你的“风力驱动汽车”的设计及工作原理吗？
巨人亢奋地说：当车往前跑时，车上风力发电机难道不转圈吗？车上的风力发电机转圈，难道它不发电吗？它既然能发电，难道他发的电就不能驱动汽车吗？汽车有了电力驱动，难道它不跑得更快了吗？汽车跑的更快了，车上的风力发电机不就也转的更快了吗？风力发电机转的更快，它不就可以发更多的电了吗？有了更多的电，汽车不就跑的更快了吗？汽车跑的更快……………
没等那位“巨人”把车轱辘话说完，我就“败”下阵来。
谢谢张成，谢谢方舟子，我们公司集团所有分公司都群发了邮件学习 生命三角法则，幸亏你的提醒，今天我给集团行政部发了邮件严正的告知公司要更正之前发布的错误信息。
错误的避难方法是会致命的。
希望明天公司看到我的那封邮件后会立刻更正，我之前还向我家人传授了该方法呢。咳，真傻阿
我不知道道格卡普是什么人，也不知道是不是有美国国际搜救这么个组织。
小震时，躲在桌子底下可以避免被杂物砸伤，但是对于大震，根据我所知道的力学，我觉得文中说的躲避震害的方法很不错。可是，地震来临时，谁能知道是小震还是大震呢？所以，宁可冒被书架上的书砸伤的小险，也不要冒被天花板给压死的大险。
“不要躲在桌子、床铺下，而要以比桌、床高度更低的姿势，躲在桌子床铺的旁边”
“即使开车时遇到地震，也要赶快离开车子，很多地震时在停车场丧命的人，都是在车内被活活压死，在两车之间的人，却毫发未伤”
说得很有道理啊，天花板掉下来，如果砸到车顶上，可以轻易拍到底盘的高度，你想，车顶跟纸糊的差不多，我一拳都能捶出个坑来。但是，要想把汽车的底盘拍到地平面上就不那么容易了，所以，在车外靠近车轮处是比较安全的，除非这块楼板直接落到车边你躲藏的位置上。甚至躺在车底下都比在车内成活几率要高。
在桌子下或者车内都把自己给困住了，不是个好办法。
侬不觉得方舟子这个人大愚若智了吗？从中医到力学到生物学到地球物理学，哪有他不懂的？连五行都没搞懂就去批判中医，连数理统计都没学明白就去批判地震预测，不是收了卢布就是丧了良知。
个人意见，仅供参考
楼上的，你怎么知道方舟子没搞懂阴阳五行？是不是就是因为他批判了中医？你又是怎么从方舟子关于地震的文章里面看出他不懂数理统计的？
个人觉得这篇文章还是值得商榷的，
请参看美国红十字会的回应，显然，美国红十字会并没有否认其观点，而是认为其观点对美国不适用，因为建筑标准不一样——美国的大多数楼房没有坍塌，我个人认为考虑到国内的实际情况，Copp先生的建议在农村及中小城市还是适用的，特别是国内很多建筑都是豆腐渣工程。
Earthquake Safety in the U.S.
Recently it has been brought to my attention that an email from Doug Copp, titled “Triangle of Life,” is making its rounds again on the Internet. This message, below, originally distributed on July 14, 2000, remains the same. Its content was reviewed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Federal Emergency Management Agency for concurrence. “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” is CORRECT, accurate, and APPROPRIATE for use in the United States for Earthquake safety. Mr. Copp’s assertions in his message that everyone is always crushed if they get under something is incorrect.
Recently, the American Red Cross became aware of a challenge to the earthquake safety advice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On.” This is according to information from Mr. Doug Copp, the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of American Rescue Team International (a private company not affiliated with the U.S. Government or other agency.)
He says that going underneath objects during an earthquake [as in children being told to get under their desks at school] is very dangerous, and fatal should the building collapse in a strong earthquake. He also states that “everyone who gets under a doorway when a building collapses is killed.” He further states that “if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, to roll out of bed next to it,” and he also says that “If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair.”
These recommendations are inaccurate for application in the United States and inconsistent with information developed through earthquake research.
Mr. Copp based his statements on observations of damage to buildings after an earthquake in Turkey. It is like “apples and oranges” to compare building construction standards, techniques, engineering principles, and construction materials between Turkey and the United States.
We at the American Red Cross have studied the research on the topic of earthquake safety for many years. We have benefited from extensive research done by the California Office of Emergency Services, California Seismic Safety Commission, professional and academic research organizations, and emergency management agencies, who have also studied the recommendation to “drop, cover, and hold on!” during the shaking of an earthquake.
Personally, I have also benefited from those who preceded me in doing earthquake education in California since the Field Act was passed in 1933. What the claims made by Mr. Copp of ARTI, Inc., does not seem to distinguish is that the recommendation to “drop, cover, and hold on!” is a U.S.-based recommendation based on U.S. Building Codes and construction standards. Much research in the United States has confirmed that “Drop, Cover, and Hold On!” has saved lives in the United States.
Engineering researchers have demonstrated that very few buildings collapse or “pancake” in the U.S. as they might do in other countries. Using a web site to show one picture of one U.S. building that had a partial collapse after a major quake in an area with thousands of buildings that did not collapse during the same quake is inappropriate and misleading.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which collects data on injuries and deaths from all reportable causes in the U.S., as well as data from three University-based studies performed after the Loma Prieta (September, 1989) and Northridge (January, 1994) earthquakes in California, the following data are indicated:
Loma Prieta: 63 deaths, approximately 3,700 people were injured. Most injuries happened as a result of the collapse of the Cypress Street section of I-880 in Oakland.
Northridge: 57 deaths, 1,500 serious injuries. Most injuries were from falls caused by people trying to get out of their homes, or serious cuts and broken bones when people ran, barefooted, over broken glass (the earthquake happened in the early morning on a federal holiday when many people were still in bed.)
There were millions of people in each of these earthquake-affected areas, and of those millions, many of them reported to have “dropped, covered, and held on” during the shaking of the earthquake. Therefore, we contend that “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” indeed SAVED lives, not killed people.
Because the research continues to demonstrate that, in the U.S., “Drop, Cover, and Hold On!” works, the American Red Cross remains behind that recommendation. It is the simplest, reliable, and easiest method to teach people, including children.
The American Red Cross has not recommended to use a doorway for earthquake protection for more than a decade. The problem is that many doorways are not built into the structural integrity of a building, and may not offer protection. Also, simply put, doorways are not suitable for more than one person at a time.
The Red Cross, remaining consistent with the information published in “Talking About Disaster: Guide for Standard Messages,” (visit http://www.disastereducation.org/guide.html ) states that if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, to remain there. Rolling out of bed may lead to being injured by debris on the floor next to the bed. If you have done a good job of earthquake mitigation (that is, removing pictures or mirrors that could fall on a bed; anchoring tall bedroom furniture to wall studs, and the like), then you are safer to stay in bed rather than roll out of it during the shaking of an earthquake.
Also, the Red Cross strongly advises not try to move (that is, escape) during the shaking of an earthquake. The more and the longer distance that someone tries to move, the more likely they are to become injured by falling or flying debris, or by tripping, falling, or getting cut by damaged floors, walls, and items in the path of escape. Identifying potential “void areas” and planning on using them for earthquake protection is more difficult to teach, and hard to remember for people who are not educated in earthquake engineering principles.
The Red Cross is not saying that identifying potential voids is wrong or inappropriate. What we are saying is that “Drop, Cover, and Hold On!” is NOT wrong — in the United States. The American Red Cross, being a U.S.-based organization, does not extend its recommendations to apply in other countries. What works here may not work elsewhere, so there is no dispute that the “void identification method” or the “Triangle of Life” may indeed be the best thing to teach in other countries where the risk of building collapse, even in moderate earthquakes, is great.
Sincerely,
Rocky Lopes, PhD
Manager, Community Disaster Education Preparedness Department
American Red Cross National Headquarters
看，老美红十字的是说，钻桌子对于美国那种建筑坚固很少倒塌的有效。。而“生命三角”，对咱们中国这种有效
费劲看完红十字的文章，土耳其的房屋结构跟咱的房子像么？
还是搞不懂要怎么躲，
但我观察了下宿舍的的构造，感觉美国佬的方法比较可行——对厦大宿舍的坚固程度还是有信心的，要按Copp那家伙的做，估计会被日光灯或是空调砸到头……
【4】楼这位“九尾雪狐”，你先了解了全部内容再说好不好？不急着露脸吧？你所说的这些“正确的”方法，正式那位方大侠和张成兄冷嘲热讽的“民间组织”的美国“搜救队长”所主张的。倒是方大侠和张成兄对于这样的“草根”阶层的见解（当然也包括你的见解）不以为然。你舔大侠的屁股舔错地方啦。。。
没经历过很大的地震，倒是觉得卡普罗斯的建议有点道理。方舟子 你怎么不评论一下？
关键是你不能照搬美国 上海新建的楼房是可靠的 但是其它地方就难说了 你看看这次地震楼房坍塌了多少，说到底，这个问题关键是楼房的牢固程度的问题，中国的楼房良莠不齐，你不能要求人人都按照美国的方法一刀切
说到中医，我插几句个人看法
中医是不是“科学（名词）”我不知道，
中医针灸有效地治好了我的落枕，我记得。
我认为它是真实的，截然不同于迷信和巫术。
当然中医理论也不一定全盘正确。
这样实践检验了的有用的有益于人的东西
有观点说按照“科学”的定义说它不是“科学”，那就不是吧。
我无所谓，治好的脖子也无所谓治好它的那根针属于什么理论。
个人认为中医不是神秘学，不是愚昧迷信，总有一天，中医和西方医学会相互理解。因为他们都长在”真实”这棵树上，很难想象他们之间横亘着永远不可跨越的鸿沟。
t@t
有谁听说，落枕不治疗的话，是会一直得下去的慢性病？难道你不知道落枕治不治都会好？ 有没有看到过，从没看过中医的世界上一百多个国家的人民，都歪着脖子治不好落枕？
下次落枕，念三字诀“方舟子，方舟子。。”七七四十九变，不出三天就会痊愈。 颈椎病的除外，那是要去拍片看医生的。。。
同意13楼的观点， 引用人家的文章你要看完了再讲， 别半吊子就拿出来吓人。
躲在那里是要看情况的， 一般的地震情况下， 在很结实的建筑里， 躲在床边不如直接直接躺在床上， 因为床会因为地震而移动从而伤人， 而地震强度大， 建筑不坚实要倒塌的时候， 上面下来的楼板砸在床上， 床边却正好有个三角可以逃生。 人家的有些话是很对的， 比如任何地震， 最先要命的是楼梯， 可不嘛， 去过工地的人都知道， 盖楼都是先主体再楼梯。那些都悬着的， 可不先塌嘛。
用废弃的爆破大楼做试验有两个特点，一是大楼肯定只剩下空框架子，就是说事先已经把所有有用的东西拆除移走了；二是经过爆破后大楼是完全倒塌的。所以这个试验的结论不一定适用于真正的地震。
真正地震来时，第一、我们的房间内摆满了东西，天花上挂着吊灯、墙上挂着饰品、台面上摆满了用具，这些东西只要有不大的振动就会砸到地上，此时躲到家具底下可避开这些杂物的打击。第二、如果房屋完全倒塌，确实躲到家具底下也难以幸免于难，但实际上除非遇到特大地震或者房子的抗震性能特别差（如果这样只好听天由命了），一般不至于瞬间完全倒塌，结构构件的破坏是从一些薄弱环节开始渐次展开，这样人们就有可能在家具被完全砸坏之前逃出生天。
卡普讲的避震求生方法是根据他在土耳其进行的爆破演习的结果，驳斥他的文章只是说他的观点不适用于美国（包括红十字会的文章）。而这篇驳斥的文章前面一大段是对COPP的人身攻击，以此来作为驳斥他观点的依据，我认为不合逻辑。红十字会的文章的主要论点是Copp的结论是在土耳其的实验基础上得出来的，而不适用于美国， 因为美国的建筑标准高，在美国地震中很少会有楼会倒塌。而全文最后也强调了这篇文章只是说美国的“Drop, Cover, and Hold On”没有错，而并没有否定“生命三角区”这一概念在其他国家的适用性，尤其是在不是很强烈的地震中房屋就会倒塌的地方。我认为在中国，在你不太确信会不会倒的楼里，跑到外面保命是最好，如果不行，我倒觉得那个“生命三角区”更合理一点。你觉得呢？